tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60359826417159523092012-01-08T19:40:35.980+07:00Blog ini dibuat untuk berbagi pengetahuan sesama Process Engineers maupun Alumni Teknik Kimia. Contents : Process Engineering, Refinery Process, Technology, Process Control , Energy Conservation, Best Practice, and Teknik Kimia .Budi TJhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10288289976108557518noreply@blogger.comBlogger621100tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6035982641715952309.post-69759164005262578662008-11-18T12:06:00.009+07:002008-11-18T13:01:53.641+07:00

By Adhi Budhiarto - Rabigh, KSADesalter is used to eliminate salts, water, sediment, and suspended solid. We need to have desalter for some reasons, as follows : To avoid corrosion (effected by salts) – it is usually main target of desalter operation. To avoid fouling and coking (effected by salts, sediment, and suspended solid). To avoid erosion inside piping/equipment (effected by sediment).

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Job vacancy at PT Pertamina PERTAMINA is a State Owned oil & gas company (National Oil Company), established on December 10, 1957 under the name PT PERMINA. In 1961 the company changed its name to PN PERMINA and after the merger with PN PERTAMIN in 1968 it became PN PERTAMINA. With the enactment of Law 8 of 1971 the company became PERTAMINA. This name persisted until after PERTAMINA changed its

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Job Description of A Process Engineer A Process Engineer develops and optimize economical industrial processes to make the huge range of products on which modern society depends. A Process Engineer may work in small, medium and large businesses. The work is concerned with chemical and biochemical processes in which raw materials undergo change, and involves scaling up processes from the

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DCS Foxboro I/A Series : Solaris vs Windows When it comes to the significant points: Windows high point - Microsoft OS is the most used OS in the world and many great people are trained on it and the tools that are based on it.Windows low point - Microsoft OS is the most used OS in the world and many evil people are trained on it and the tools that are based on it.Unix low point - Not many

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Using cfgpts to get configuration information from your historian You can find the cfgpts and in /opt/fox/hstorian/bin/ on the 51 series AP or AW. Documentation for this tool is in the same directory in cfgpts.doc. To get a list of configured points in your historian: # cd /opt/fox/hstorian/bin # cfgpts -Rv hist01 ID=ANALOG1:TT405.PNT, PD=KILN 3 TEMP, DB=0.100000, SR=10, RC=216; ID=ANALOG1:

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Rules of Thumb For Delayed Cokers Setiap pengurangan 8 psi coke drum pressure akan mengurangi coke yield 1.0 wt% on feed.Setiap pengurangan 8 psi coke drum pressure akan menaikkan liquid yield 1.3 vol% on feed. Setiap kenaikan 10 degF coke drum vapor line temperature akan menurunkan coke yield 0.8 wt% on feed.Setiap kenaikan 10 degF coke drum vapor line temperature akan menaikkan gas dan

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Thermal Cracking Process ( Proses Perengkahan Termal) Proses perengkahan thermal (thermal Cracking) adalah suatu proses pemecahan rantai hydrocarbon dari senyawa rantai panjang menjadi hydrocarbon dengan rantai yang lebih kecil melalui bantuan panas. Suatu proses perengkahan thermal bertujuan untuk mendapatkan fraksi minyak bumi dengan boiling range yang lebih rendah dari feed (umpannya).

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INTRODUCTION Motor gasoline (Mogas) production starts with the distillation of crude oil. One of the products out of that process is a fraction of low octane gasoline, normally referred to as naphtha, typically boiling in the range 100 - 160 0C. Other gasoline fractions are produced as a result of secondary processes like catalytic cracking, isomerisation, alkylation and platforming. Petrol is

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INTRODUCTION Database adalah kumpulan dari item data yang saling berhubungan satu dengan yang lainnya yang diorganisasikan berdasarkan sebuah skema atau struktur tertentu, tersimpan di hardware komputer dan dengan software untuk melakukan manipulasi untuk kegunaan tertentu baik untuk waktu sekarang maupun untuk waktu yang akan datang. Dalam perkembangannya database telah mengalami beberapa

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PERBANDINGAN DIPA dan MDEA DARI ASPEK TEKNIS Untuk membandingkan efektifitas DIPA dengan MDEA dalam melaksanakan fungsinya sebagai solvent pelarut acid gas terdapat beberapa variabel pembanding penting yang dapat dijadikan bahan pertimbangan yaitu sbb: a. Potensi Degradasi. DIPA diklasifikasikan sebagai secondary alkanoamine yang dengan mudah dapat bereaksi dengan CO2 menghasilkan senyawa

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INTRODUCTION Pemilihan jenis absorbent (amine solution) dalam hal ini amine tergantung dari tujuan proses dan karakteristik dari tipe absorbent, antara lain selektivity untuk H2S, CO2, COS, pengendalian kandungan air di umpan gas, pengontrolan kandungan air di sirkulasi absorbent, cost, suplai absorbent, thermal stability, dll. Pemilihan absorbent juga ditentukan oleh kondisi operasi seperti

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INTRODUCTION The objective of the Hydrotreating prococess is to remove suplur as well as other unwanted compunds, e.g. unsaturated hydrocarbons, nitrogen from refinery process streams. Until the end of World War 2, there was little incentive for the oil industry to pay significant attention to improving product quality by hydrogen treatment. However, soon after the war the production of high

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INTRODUCTION Petroleum refining has evolved continuously in response to changing consumer demand for better and different products. The original requirement was to produce kerosene as a cheaper and better source of light than whale oil. The development of the internal combustion engine led to the production of gasoline and diesel fuels. The evolution of the airplane created a need first for

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INTRODUCTION. A petroleum refinery is a manufacturing operation where crude petroleum, the raw material, is converted into usable finished products. In other words, it is the manufacturing phase of the oil industry. This chapter presents a general introduction to overall refinery operations as a forerunner to the detailed information on specific processes and products which follows, and the

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CO2 Removal : DEA , ACT-1, MDEA & Piperazine Carbon Dioxide (CO2) gas must be removed and recovered from ammonia process gas to make it fit for the synthesis reaction and later used for urea production. The removal of CO2 gas in ammonia plant is considered as a key stage in ammonia production. Organic amines (Primary, Secondary & Tertiary) have the ability to perform alone, or in combination

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Tuning a temperature controller involves setting the proportional, integral, and derivative values to get the best possible control for a particular process. If the controller does not include an autotune algorithm, or if the autotune algorithm does not provide adequate control for the particular application, then the unit must be tuned using trial and error. There are other tuning procedures

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The subject of alkaline sour water (ammonium bisulphide) corrosion in petroleum refineries has been addressed in the literature over the past 25 years. However, despite the prevalence of sour water corrosion problems in refining operations, very little actual ammonium bisulphide corrosion data are published in the open literature. Surprisingly, most of these studies do not take into account the

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PNA (polynuclear aromatic) adalah polycyclic, hydrocarbon yang terkondensasi, dimana mengandung 2-6 cincin aromat. HPNA adalah PNA dengan 7+ cincin aromat. Ciri-ciri HPNA : • Mempunyai 7+ cincin aromat • Mempunyai melting point tinggi. • Senyawa polynuclear aromatic yang sulit larut atau dipecahkan pada temperatur rendah. PNA = PCA (polycyclic aromatics) = PAH (polyaromatics hydrocarbon)

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The composition of crude oil varies according to where it was obtained. This largely has to do with the type of ground in which the oil was formed, and what contaminants were present and in what relative concentrations. In addition to color variations, there are also various contaminant levels and various flowing properties. Variations aside, crude oil, on average, has the composition shown in

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Specific Gravity is defined as the ratio of the density of a given substance to the density of water, when both are at the same temperature, it is therefore a dimensionless quantity (see below). Substances with a specific gravity greater than one are denser than water (and so will sink in it), and those with a specific gravity of less than one are less dense than water (and so will float in it).

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Lowongan Kerja di PT. PERTAMINA (Persero) PT PERTAMINA (Persero) membuka kesempatan bagi lulusan terbaik perguruan tinggi program S1 dan D3 dari berbagai disiplin ilmu untuk menjadi pekerja di bidang kegiatan usaha Hulu, Pemasaran & Niaga, Hukum dan Keuangan sesuai dengan kualifikasi yang dibutuhkan dan bersedia ditempatkan di seluruh Indonesia, untuk mengisi posisi sebagai berikut : No.

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Development of the Pinch Technology Approach. When the process involves single hot and cold streams (as in above example) it is easy to design an optimum heat recovery exchanger network intuitively by heuristic methods. In any industrial set-up the number of streams is so large that the traditional design approach has been found to be limiting in the design of a good network. With the

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Introduction To recover additional distillates from long residue, distillation at reduced pressure and high temperature has to be applied. This vacuum distillation process has become an important chain in maximising the upgrading of crude oil. As distillates, vacuum gas oil, lubricating oils and/or conversion feedstocks are generally produced. The residue from vacuum distillation - short residue

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Introduction. While oil prices continue to climb, energy conservation remains the prime concern for many process industries. The challenge every process engineer is faced with is to seek answers to questions related to their process energy patterns. A few of the frequently asked questions are: Are the existing processes as energy efficient as they should be?How can new projects be evaluated with

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Distillation is the first step in the processing of crude oil and it takes place in a tall steel tower called a fractionation column. The inside of the column is divided at intervals by horizontal trays. The column is kept very hot at the bottom (the column is insulated) but as different hydrocarbons boil at different temperatures, the temperature gradually reduces towards the top, so that each

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OCTANE NUMBER A rating of a gasoline in terms of its propensity to cause knocking. Gasoline is not a chemical compound; it is a mixture of many different compounds. By 1882, experimenters noted that spark ignition internal combustion engines knocked more on some gasolines than on others. Ideally, when the spark ignites the fuel-air mixture in the cylinder of a gasoline engine, the flame front

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CETANE NUMBER A rating on a scale used to indicate how quickly a fuel will ignite in a diesel engine, a figure of merit for diesel fuel as the octane number is a figure of merit for gasoline burned in spark ignition engines. A diesel engine run on a fuel with a lower cetane number than it was designed for will be harder to start, noisier, operate roughly and have higher emissions. In a diesel

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UOP : Advanced Partial Conversion Unicracking Introduction The Unicracking process has proven to be effective in the production of clean fuels. This is especially true for cases where a partial conversion unicracking unit and a FCC unit are integrated. The Advanced Partial Conversion Unicracking (APCU) process is UOP’s latest advancement in the area of ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) production

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Flare Gas Recovery Flare Gas Recovery adalah salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk menurunkan flare loss dengan cara me-recover flare gas yang mempunyai nilai potensial untuk dijadikan sebagai feedstock (feed Hydrogen Plant), fuel ataupun product (seperti LPG). Flare Gas Recovery Unit ini juga dapat menurunkan emisi kilang dari produk samping pembakaran seperti NOX, CO, dan CO2. Flare Gas

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Hydrogen Production - Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) Introduction In today's energy supply system, electricity, gasoline, diesel fuel, and natural gas serve as energy carriers. These carriers are made by the conversion of primary energy sources, such as coal, petroleum, underground methane, and nuclear energy, into an energy form that is easily transported and delivered in a usable form to

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Last month, I got very excited course at Japan Cooperation Center Petroleum (JCCP) during mid winter. I attended that course for around 3 weeks ( 5 - 22 February 2008) in JCCP office (Sunshine 60 Building, 57/58F, Higashi Ikebukuro, Toshimaku, Tokyo, Japan). The participants were from several countries : China (CNPC) , Colombia (Ecopetrol) , Indonesia, Iran (NIORDC) , Libya (AORC), Malaysia (

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Derajat Pemisahan Derajat pemisahan dapat diartikan sebagai tingkat kemurnian produk atau perolehan produk. Ketajaman pemisahan dapat diketahui dari gap antara dua produk yang berdekatan. Gap adalah beda antara titik distilasi 5% produk dengan titik distilasi 95% produklainnya yang lebih ringan. Semakin rendah nilai gap maka derajat pemisahan fraksi-fraksi menjadi tinggi. Derajat pemisahan

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There were few takers of the 19th century elixir that came to be called "snake oil." It was one of the less successful uses of petroleum, but not the first to claim healing properties. Ancient Persians, 10th century Sumatrans and pre-Columbian Indians all believed that crude oil had medicinal benefits. Marco Polo found it used in the Caspian Sea region to treat camels for mange, and the first oil

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The total level of contaminants and degradation products in the solution may be referred to as the residue of the solution. The residue of the solution is the amount of material that is generally not considered part of a healthy gas treating solution, meaning anything that is not free (active) amine or water. This residue, as the equation below shows, is easy to calculate and encompasses all of

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Teori Dasar Kompresor (Bagian 01). Compressor seperti pompa membutuhkan energi untuk memindahkan fluida ke system perpipaan. Seperti halnya pompa, kompresor secara umum dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi reciprocating dan sentrifugal unit. Kompresor jenis reciprocating unit bekerja pada kecepatan rendah dan centrifugal unit digunakan pada tekanan yang relatif tinggi. Pada kasus ini pompa positive

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Teori Dasar Distilasi ( Bagian 01 ). Distilasi adalah suatu proses yang melibatkan campuran liquid atau uap yang terdiri dari dua atau lebih komponen dipisahkan menjadi fraksi komponen yang diinginkan, dengan memasukan dan mengeluarkan panas. Pemisahan komponen dari campuran liquid dengan distilasi tergantung pada titik didih masing-masing komponen. Dan juga tergantung pada konsentrasi, karena

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A Detailed Look at Hydrogen. When most people hear the word "hydrogen" they have flashing images of an exploding blimp. Hydrogen is a fuel that requires energy to retrieve it. In other words, you have to extract hydrogen from another substance....that's the bad news. The good news is that many chemicals (including water) contain hydrogen. Just the Facts Energy Content: 1 kg of hydrogen

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One of the most basic calculations performed by any process engineer, whether in design or in the plant, is line sizing and pipeline pressure loss. Typically known are the flow rate, temperature and corresponding viscosity and specific gravity of the fluid that will flow through the pipe. These properties are entered into a computer program or spreadsheet along with some pipe physical data (

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This is a summary of a general set of recommendations aimed at helping pulp and paper mills manage process and product variability. It suggests a minimum set of standards for human awareness, knowledge and skills in the various aspects of the process control engineering discipline that is needed at each stage of a pulp and paper mill design, start-up and on-going operation/optimization. 1.0

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Introduction Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas that is customarily released to the environment during the usage of fossil fuels, including electric power generation. With the projected increase in consumption and demand for fossil fuels, CO2 emissions will correspondingly increase in the absence of any capture/sequestration strategy. In view that CO2 is a greenhouse gas with the potential

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Sistem alarm dan safeguarding merupakan suatu instrumentasi pelindung bagi personel dan peralatan bila terjadi kegagalan operasi. Fungsinya lebih lanjut dijabarkan dalam uraian berikut : 1.Bila terjadi suatu kondisi yang khas segera menjadi perhatian operator. Kondisi tersebut misalnya tidak berfungsinya suatu peralatan, kekeliruan operasi, dan kondisi lainnya yang menimbulkan resiko bahaya. 2.

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Parameter Pengoperasian Boiler Yang Diukur & Dikendalikan Pada fire tube boiler dan kebanyakan water tube boiler terutama unit yang dirakit di pabrik dengan pengapian fuel oil atau fuel gas yang hanya dioperasikan dengan forced draught fan, tekanan furnace selalu positif, sekitar 10 mbar, bergantung pada tekanan balik, positif atau negatif , sistem buangan dan perlengkapan heat recovery yang

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1.0 ABSTRACT Interest in recovery of carbon dioxide (CO2) from flue gases is being propelled by multiple factors: the merchant CO2 market, renewed interest in enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and the desire to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper reviews the latest operating and capital cost data for the Fluor Daniel Econamine FGSM process. It also recaps the key process design and operating

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The challenges of the new clean fuels regulations, refiners were particularly interested in ways to improve capacity, efficiency and reliability of amine systems and sulphur units. Much of the focus on improving the operation of the amine unit, and the associated affects on the downstream sulphur plant, has been in the area of amine solvent conversion. Some of these solvent conversions have

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Proses Reduksi Katalis LTSC ( Low Temperature Shift Converter) As received the LTSC Catalyst are in an oxidized state and must be reduced prior to being placed in service. The method and conditions ofreduction of the catalyst are most essential to the ultimate performance ofthe catalyst and must be carefully controlled. The catalyst is reduced passing a carrier gas such as nitrogen, natural gas

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Proses konversi primer untuk memproduksi high quality middle distillate adalah proses hydrocracking. Proses yang ekonomis dan menguntungkan adalah maximize jumlah feed/umpan sesuai kapasitas dan menjaga unit pada service factor yang tinggi. Untuk mencapai produksi yang optimum maka hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan antara lain : pemilihan jenis katalis , tipe feedstock/umpan , feedrate , dan

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The preferred method of separation in the chemical industry, distillation, is a very energy intensive process. Fine tuning your distillation columns (and in some cases, making major changes) can save your company thousands of dollars a year or more Consider the following distillation column: Table 1: Column Design Specifications Feed Temperature (0C) 90.0

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Halo para sobat semua, Blog ini sengaja saya buat untuk saling sharing informasi bagi sesama Process Engineer dan para Teknik Kimia. Artikel-artikel yang dibuat ada yang asli buatan sendiri dan ada yang mengcopy dari website lain. Bagi yang ingin berbagi informasi dan tanya jawab seputar Process Engineering dipersilahkan. Regards, Budi TJ Process Engineers and System Engineer

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Dari AdSense, Pemuda Hasilkan Miliaran Rupiah Source : http://www.detikinet.com/index.php/detik.read/tahun/2007/bulan/11/tgl/08/time/082159/idnews/849813/idkanal/398 Jakarta - Seorang pengelola situs yang juga merupakan 'pemain' Google AdSense girang bukan kepalang. Bagaimana tidak, sebuah cek tertulis US$ 132.994,97 (sekitar Rp 1,1 miliar) datang dari Google Inc. atas nama dirinya. Pria

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Centrifugal Pumps: Basic Concepts of Operation, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting In Part I of the article, two basic requirements for trouble free operation and longer service life of centrifugal pumps are mentioned in brief. 1.PREVENT CAVITATION Cavitation of the pump should not occur throughout its operating capacity range. 2.MINIMIZE LOW FLOW OPERATION Continuous operation of centrifugal

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When your basic column controls fail, a quick thinking engineer can save a company alot of money. Weighing the financial options before the incident happens can help you feel secure in you decisions when you make them. We'll have a look at three scenarios that you may not have thought of, but may encounter. Let's start with a basic, optimized column design as described in Table 1: Table 1:

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Introduction The operating manual of any centrifugal pump often starts with a general statement, “Your centrifugal pump will give you completely trouble free and satisfactory service only on the condition that it is installed and operated with due care and is properly maintained.” Despite all the care in operation and maintenance, engineers often face the statement “the pump has failed i.e

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This article will concentrate on adding some structure to your eBook idea. We will be creating the GRAND PLAN that will define your ebook and make the writing process easier…a roadmap leading to your success. Exciting!! Here we go! Take a moment to recognize what images you have in your mind when you think of having your ebook completed. Can you see a picture of the finished product, like on all

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Hydrocracking merupakan suatu proses yang mengkonversi umpan menjadi produk yang lebih ringan dengan bantuan katalis dan gas hidrogen. Selain itu hydrocracking dapat didefinisikan sebagai proses produksi fraksi-fraksi ringan berkualitas tinggi dari minyak berat dengan bantuan hidrogen. Proses hydrocracking (unicracking) memiliki aplikasi yang cukup luas antara lain untuk konversi : - Naphtha

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1.1. Pengertian Pengukuran dan Pengendalian Pengukuran disini menggunakan alat instrumentasi yaitu alat yang berfungsi untuk mengukur parameter/variabel operasi suatu peralatan sebagai input untuk sistem pengendalian dan/atau sebagai informasi untuk operator. Sebagai contoh parameter operasi boiler dan heater yang diukur adalah temperatur, tekanan, laju alir dan ketinggian air (pada boiler).

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The topic chosen belongs to the area of research methods. Leady (1980) defines 'research' as "the manner in which we solve knotty problems in our attempt to push back the frontiers of human ignorance." Two aspects appears to be stressed : the emergence of knowledge (as opposed to ignorance) and the endeavour towards the solution of problems. On the basis of this and other scientists' definition

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Teknologi gas sweetening dengan menggunakan alkanolamine atau amine untuk menghilangkan hidrogen sulfida (H2S) dan karbon dioksida (CO2) dari gas alam (natural gas)/gas hasil kilang (off gas) sudah lama diaplikasikan. Pertama kali larutan amine yang digunakan adalah Triethanolamine (TEA) yang ditemukan (dipatentkan) oleh R.R. Bottoms pada tahun 1930 dan menjadi larutan alkanolamine yang pertama

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Proses adalah sebuah kegiatan berkesinambungan yang mengubah suatu material. Istilah proses di industrial mencakup input (raw material/feed/bahan baku) dan output (product). Kontrol untuk menjaga kondisi (operasi kilang) sesuai yang diinginkan dalam sistem dengan mengatur variabel yang dipilih di sistem tersebut. Proses Kontrol : menjaga kondisi yang diinginkan dalam sistem dengan mengatur

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Methanator is a reactor to convert CO /CO2 with H2 and producing Methane + Water. Usually used at Hydrogen Plant and Fertilizer Plant. Process Gas which leaves from LTSC is practically free of any poison as these have been absorbed by upstream catalysts. The methanation catalyst is therefore well protected against most poisons which normally deactivate nickel-based catalyst, such as sulphur.

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Sumber : Lowongan Kerja Depdagri Penerimaan CPNC Depdagri untuk Tahun 2007, Lamaran paling lambat tgl 27 September, Test dilaksanakan tgl 27 Oktober 2007 Smoga bermanfaat.

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Chemical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the application of physical science (e.g. chemistry and physics), with mathematics, to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms. As well as producing useful materials, chemical engineering is also concerned with pioneering valuable new materials and techniques; an important form of

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Teknik kimia (Inggris: chemical engineering) adalah ilmu teknik atau rekayasa yang mempelajari pemrosesan bahan mentah menjadi barang yang lebih berguna, dapat berupa barang jadi ataupun barang setengah jadi. Ilmu teknik kimia diaplikasikan terutama dalam perancangan dan pemeliharaan proses-proses kimia, baik dalam skala kecil maupun dalam skala besar seperti pabrik. Insinyur teknik kimia yang

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